解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The Malagasy have been shown to be a genetically admixed population combining parental lineages with African and South East Asian ancestry. In the present paper, we fit the Malagasy admixture history in a highly resolved phylogeographic framework by typing a large set of mitochondrial DNA and Y DNA markers in unrelate...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp120
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disease response genes (DRGs) diverge under recurrent positive selection as a result of a molecular arms race between hosts and pathogens. Most of these studies were conducted in animals, and few defense genes have been shown to evolve adaptively in plants. To test for adaptation in the molecules mediating disease res...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp114
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent genomewide screen identified 13 transposable elements that are likely to have been adaptive during or after the spread of Drosophila melanogaster out of Africa. One of these insertions, Bari-Juvenile hormone epoxy hydrolase (Bari-Jheh), was associated with the selective sweep of its flanking neutral variation...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp107
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum harbors a plastid that is surrounded by four membranes and evolved by way of secondary endosymbiosis. Like land plants, most of its plastid proteins are encoded as preproteins on the nuclear genome of the host cell and are resultantly redirected into the organelle. Because two more...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp079
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male reproductive fitness is strongly affected by seminal fluid. In addition to interacting with the female environment, seminal fluid mediates important physiological characteristics of sperm, including capacitation and motility. In mammals, the male reproductive tract shows a striking degree of compartmentalization,...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp094
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells as precursor proteins carrying N-terminal extensions called transit peptides or presequences, which mediate their specific transport into mitochondria. However, plant cells possess a second potential target organelle for such transit peptid...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp087
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One challenge of analyzing samples of DNA sequences is to account for the nonnegligible polymorphisms produced by error when the sequencing error rate is high or the sample size is large. Specifically, those artificial sequence variations will bias the observed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequency spectrum, ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp059
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion rates are thought to be important factors in determining the genome size of organisms in nature. Although it is indisputable that deletions, and thus deletion rates, affect genome size, it is unclear how, or indeed if, genome size is regulated via the deletion rate. Here, we employ a mathematical model to det...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp054
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of population structure provide insights into evolutionary processes and help identify groups of individuals for genotype-phenotype association studies. With increasing availability of polymorphic molecular markers across genomes, the examination of population structure using large numbers of unlinked loci ha...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp052
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional redundancy in genomes arises from genes with overlapping functions, allowing phenotypes to persist after gene knockouts. Evolutionary redundancy or evolvability of a genome is one step removed, in that functional redundancy is absent but the genome has the potential to evolve to restore a lost phenotype. Ex...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp037
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypes and behaviors respond to resource constraints via adaptation, but the influence of ecological limitations on the composition of eukaryotic genomes is still unclear. We trace connections between plant ecology and genomes through their elemental composition. Inorganic sources of nitrogen (N) are severely limi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp038
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological innovations like the acquisition of the neural crest as well as gene family expansions by genome duplication are considered as major leaps in the evolution of the vertebrate lineage. Using comparative genomic analyses, we have reconstructed the evolutionary history of the endothelin system, a signaling p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp015
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coevolutionary conflict among imprinted genes that influence traits such as offspring growth may arise when maternal and paternal genomes have different evolutionary optima. This conflict is expected in outcrossing taxa with multiple paternity, but not self-fertilizing taxa. MEDEA (MEA) is an imprinted plant gene that...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msp001
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because they represent the earliest divergences of the Chlorophyta and include the smallest known eukaryotes (e.g., the coccoid Ostreococcus), the morphologically diverse unicellular green algae making up the Prasinophyceae are central to our understanding of the evolutionary patterns that accompanied the radiation of...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn285
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RIIIS/J inbred mouse strain is a model for type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD), a common human bleeding disorder. Low von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels in RIIIS/J are due to a regulatory mutation, Mvwf1, which directs a tissue-specific switch in expression of a glycosyltransferase, B4GALNT2, from intestine to blo...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn284
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology is to identify the molecular changes responsible for adaptive evolution. In this study, we describe a genetic analysis to determine whether the molecular changes contributing to adaptive flower color divergence in Mimulus aurantiacus affect gene expression or enzymatic activi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn268
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 40 years, there has been increasing acceptance that variation in levels of gene expression represents a major source of evolutionary novelty. Gene expression divergence is therefore likely to be involved in the emergence of incipient species, namely, in a context of adaptive radiation. In the lake whitefis...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn235
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus MED4 has the smallest sequenced genome of any photosynthetic organism. Prochlorococcus MED4 shares many genomic characteristics with chloroplasts and bacterial endosymbionts, including a reduced coding capacity, missing DNA repair genes, a minimal transcriptional regulatory ne...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn217
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hantaviruses are considered one of the best examples of a long-term association between RNA viruses and their hosts. Based on the appearance of strong host specificity, it has been suggested that hantaviruses cospeciated with the rodents and insectivores they infect since these mammals last shared a common ancestor, a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn234
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ancestral selection graph, conditioned on the allelic types in the sample, is used to obtain a limiting gene genealogical process under strong selection. In an equilibrium, two-allele system with strong selection, neutral gene genealogies are predicted for random samples and for samples containing at most one unfa...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn209
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dogs exhibit more phenotypic variation than any other mammal and are affected by a wide variety of genetic diseases. However, the origin and genetic basis of this variation is still poorly understood. We examined the effect of domestication on the dog genome by comparison with its wild ancestor, the gray wolf. We comp...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn177
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Sm family of proteins is closely associated with RNA metabolism throughout all life. These proteins form homomorphic and heteromorphic rings consisting of six or seven subunits with a characteristic central pore, the presence of which is critical for binding U-rich regions of single-stranded RNA. Eubacteria and Ar...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn175
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that splicing efficiency, and thus maturation of pre-mRNA, depends on the correct folding of the RNA molecule into a secondary or higher order structure. When disrupted by a mutation, aberrant folding may result in a lower splicing efficiency. However, the structure can be restored by a sec...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn195
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase (COX) produces prostaglandins in animals via the oxidation and reduction of arachidonic acid. Different types and numbers of COX genes have been found in corals, sea squirts, fishes, and tetrapods, but no study has used a comparative phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary history of this ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn183
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lethality in hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species Drosophila simulans is caused in part by the interaction of the genes Hybrid male rescue (Hmr) and Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr). Hmr and Lhr have diverged under positive selection in the hybridizing species. Here we test whether positive select...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn190
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrepancies in phylogenetic trees of bacteria and archaea are often explained as lateral gene transfer events. However, such discrepancies may also be due to phylogenetic artifacts or orthology assignment problems. A first step that may help to resolve this dilemma is to estimate the extent of phylogenetic inconsist...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn176
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of ancient DNA (aDNA) is casting new light on many evolutionary questions. However, problems associated with the postmortem instability of DNA may complicate the interpretation of aDNA data. For example, in population genetic studies, the inclusion of damaged DNA may inflate estimates of diversity. In this p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn163
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The shikimate dehydrogenases (SDH) represent a widely distributed enzyme family with an essential role in secondary metabolism. This superfamily had been previously subdivided into 4 enzyme groups (AroE, YdiB, SdhL, and RifI), which show clear biochemical and functional differences ranging from amino acid biosynthesis...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn170
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human c-Myb proto-oncogene is highly expressed in hematopoietic progenitors as well as leukemia and certain solid tumor. However, the regulatory mechanisms of its expression and biological functions remain largely unclear. Recently, c-Myb has been shown to be targeted by microRNA-150 (miR-150) which thereby controls B...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn165
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimation of population parameters for the common ancestors of humans and the great apes is important in understanding our evolutionary history. In particular, inference of population size for the human-chimpanzee common ancestor may shed light on the process by which the 2 species separated and on whether the human ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn148
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The orientation of closely linked genes in mammalian genomes is not random: there are more head-to-head (h2h) gene pairs than expected. To understand the origin of this enrichment in h2h gene pairs, we have analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of gene pairs separated by less than 600 bp of intergenic DNA (gene duos)...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn136
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blooms that are formed by cyanobacteria consist of toxic and nontoxic strains. The mechanisms that result in the occurrence of nontoxic strains are enigmatic. All the nontoxic strains of the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix that were isolated from 9 European countries were found to have lost 90% of a large micr...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn120
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simple models of molecular evolution assume that sequences evolve by a Poisson process in which nucleotide or amino acid substitutions occur as rare independent events. In these models, the expected ratio of the variance to the mean of substitution counts equals 1, and substitution processes with a ratio greater than ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn112
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pyrimidine exchange type of RNA editing in land plant (embryophyte) organelles has largely remained an enigma with respect to its biochemical mechanisms, the underlying specificities, and its raison d'être. Apparently arising with the earliest embryophytes, RNA editing is conspicuously absent in one clade of liver...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn084
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmodium vivax in southern Mexico exhibits different infectivities to 2 local mosquito vectors, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Anopheles albimanus. Previous work has tied these differences in mosquito infectivity to variation in the central repeat motif of the malaria parasite's circumsporozoite (csp) gene, but su...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn073
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepcidin is a small bioactive peptide with dual roles as an antimicrobial peptide and as the principal hormonal regulator of iron homeostasis in human and mouse. Hepcidin homologs of very similar structures are found in lower vertebrates, all comprise approximately 20-25 amino acids with 8 highly conserved cysteines f...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn056
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogeny estimation is extremely crucial in the study of molecular evolution. The increase in the amount of available genomic data facilitates phylogeny estimation from multilocus sequence data. Although maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods are available for phylogeny reconstruction using multilocus sequence data,...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn043
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterotypy is now recognized as a generative force in the formation of new proteins through modification of existing proteins. We report that heterotypy in the N-terminal region of the mature growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) protein occurred during evolution of teleosts. N-terminal length variation of GDF5 was f...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件,评审
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn041
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely accepted that evolutionary changes in conserved developmental signaling pathways play an important role in morphological evolution. However, few in silico studies were interested in tracking such changes in a signaling pathway. The Ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway provides an opportunity to fill this gap becau...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn038
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analyses of diverse eukaryotes reveal that genomes are dynamic, sometimes dramatically so. In numerous lineages across the eukaryotic tree of life, DNA content varies within individuals throughout life cycles and among individuals within species. Discovery of examples of genome dynamism is accelerating as genome seque...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msn032
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00